1: Fard

These are the 5 main ones everyone knows:

• Fajr: 2 Rakat, Before sunrise

• Zuhr: 4 Rakat, Noon

• Asr: 4 Rakat, Afternoon

• Maghrib: 3 Rakat, Sunset

• Isha: 4 Rakat, Night

These are obligatory, so missing them is sinful, except if you physically can't (say you're driving all day), if so you can do them at another time, but as soon as you can

2: Wajib

These prayers aren't part of the main 5 but are still necessary to do, so missing them are also sinful, although unlike the Fard ones you don't need to do them if you miss them unintentionally

• Al- Watr: (1, 3, or any odd number of Rakat) done after Isha

• Salat al-Eidein (Prayers of the 2 Holidays): 2 prayers done at Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha

• 2 Rakat of prayer during Tawaf when you're walking around the Kaaba during Hajj

• Jumu'ah: the special prayer done at Fridays, doing it replaces Zuhr so you don't need to do Zuhr on Fridays

  (Edit: except if you miss Jumu'ah, then you have to pray Zuhr instead)

3: Sunnah

These prayers are not necessary to do, but they are recommended as they count as extra good deed (so basically bonus prayers):

• 2 Rakat before Fajr

• 4 Rakat before and 2 after Zuhr

• 2 Rakat after Maghrib

• 2 Rakat after Isha (before Al-Witr)

• Taraweeh: prayers done after Isha on Ramadan, you can do any amount of even Rakat you want, but the usual amount done is 8

4: Nafl

This is just voluntary prayer. Just pray whenever you want as long as you like, and you'll get good deeds all the same

There are also extra special ones like prayers done at funerals or solar eclipses or other events, but for the most part these are the 4 main types of prayer

Source: https://zamzam.com/blog/types-of-prayers-in-islam/

(You all better give this likes, i spent quite some time writing this by hand instead of using ChatGPT)